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Savewith a NBCUniversal ProfileCreate your free profile or log in to save this articleOct. 5, 2025, 5:00 AM EDTBy Alexandra Marquez, Ben Kamisar and Jonathan AllenSome of the internet’s most popular voices with young men — almost all of whom either hosted President Donald Trump or spoke highly of him last November — have some thoughts on what he’s doing wrong.An all-star lineup of podcasters and YouTube impresarios has taken Trump to task in recent months on everything from immigration and Israel to free speech and Jeffrey Epstein. The list includes Joe Rogan, Theo Von, Andrew Schulz and Shawn Ryan, a cast that Trump courted heavily to win access to their audiences during last year’s campaign.Rogan and Von have been particularly critical of the Trump administration’s mass deportation agenda, with Rogan calling some deportations “f—–g crazy” and Von questioning why the Department of Homeland Security has posted videos of immigration arrests online.NBC News polling conducted in August and early September found that 33% of U.S. adults ages 18-29 approved of Trump’s handling of deportations and immigration, while 67% disapproved. Among U.S. adults of all ages, a slightly higher share — 43% — approved of the president’s handling of deportations and immigration. Schulz and his co-host, Akaash Singh, have criticized the president for not fulfilling his campaign promises.“Everything [Trump] campaigned on, I believed he wanted to do,” Schulz said in a July episode of his “Flagrant” podcast, where Trump had appeared in October 2024. “And now he’s doing the exact opposite thing of every single f—–g thing. … I voted for none of this. He’s doing the exact opposite of everything I voted for.”In particular, Schulz pointed to Trump’s failure to quickly end wars in Europe and the Middle East, the deficit spending in Trump’s budget, and the president’s deportation campaign.The White House did not return a request for comment.Theo Von slams DHS for using his video in post about deportations03:39While few of the these hosts — who tend to be less overtly political than explicitly conservative activists like the late Charlie Kirk — formally endorsed the president’s campaign, they gave him a platform to talk about sports, politics, technology, comedy and conspiracy theories with millions of viewers and listeners whose attention is usually hard for politicians to command. Republican and Democratic strategists alike have acknowledged that Trump’s willingness to engage with them helped give him a crucial boost in a hard-fought election.The recent disagreements threaten to swallow some of Trump’s support — potentially with the less politically active, harder-to-reach podcast listeners — even if it does not translate into a bigger chunk of the electorate for Democrats. Trump is ineligible to seek re-election, but Republicans hope to keep hold of the new voters who turned out for him as they battle in midterm elections next year and to maintain the presidency in 2028.During recent focus groups of 18-29-year-old Trump voters — observed by NBC News as part of the 2025 Deciders series, produced by Syracuse University and the research firms Engagious and Sago — a handful of voters said that people like Rogan and Von helped to persuade them to vote for Trump.Katelyn R., a 21-year-old Wisconsinite who identifies as a political independent, said during the focus group that Von “led me to vote” for Trump. She added that she had heard Von’s recent criticism of Trump and that she agrees with his “change of their point of view.”And while most members of the focus group said influencers aren’t changing their minds, they did echo similar criticisms in venting frustrations with Trump.“I don’t approve of how certain situations are being handled with deportation,” Katelyn R. added. “The way that these people are being treated don’t align with my Christian values, or my pro-life values, or any of the values that a conservative may have.”Richard B., a 22-year-old Republican from Pennsylvania, said he’s begun to question Trump’s fidelity to his campaign promises.“I feel like the transparency as well is an issue, not just with tariffs, but also feeling like he switched positions when talking about the Epstein files from saying it’s a huge deal to saying that ‘Oh, it’s not really a big deal,’” he said.Despite some cracks in Trump’s coalition of young men, Democrats acknowledge Trump’s continued strength — and their party’s weakness — among young men and the influencers they follow.“One thing I have seen is that there can sometimes be a connection between the fitness world and then getting into some of these podcasts and online spaces that can be very far right,” former Democratic Rep. Colin Allred, a former NFL player who ran for Senate in Texas last year and is running again in 2026, told NBC News. “And as someone who’s had to work out for a living and who still tries to stay in shape, that bothers me, because I know a lot of young men are going there genuinely hoping that they can get some advice on fitness.”“And then there’s a trust that’s built there, and then you can use that trust to then say, ‘Hey, but you should also think about, you know, why are women doing better than you are?’ I think that, to me, is really misleading and makes me a bit upset,” he added.Trump allies say that they are not concerned about differences of opinion among the voters who backed him last November.“President Trump successfully built a very big tent to be the first Republican to win the national popular vote in two decades,” said Nick Trainer, a GOP strategist who was a senior official on Trump’s 2020 campaign. “Inherently in a big tent, there are disagreements.”An NBC News Decision Desk poll powered by SurveyMonkey that was conducted in late August and early September found that 47% of men ages 18-29 “strongly” or “somewhat” approved of Trump’s job in office so far, while 53% of that group “strongly” or “somewhat” disapproved of Trump.Still, disappointment among young men, and the guys they listen to, could rob the GOP of a mechanism for turning out low-propensity voters who favor them.Late last month, Von, host of the popular YouTube show “Last Weekend” and the son of a Nicaraguan immigrant, ripped the Department of Homeland Security for using his image in an ad.“Yooo DHS i didnt approve to be used in this. I know you know my address so send a check,” Von wrote in a since-deleted post on X. “And please take this down and please keep me out of your ‘banger’ deportation videos. When it comes to immigration my thoughts and heart are alot more nuanced than this video allows. Bye!”Von went on to talk about the incident on his show last week, noting that the administration is paying attention to what he’s saying and that it was causing a backlash online.“I woke up the next morning to a text from a high government official saying, ‘Hey, if you need some extra security in your neighborhood, or some extra police cars on patrol, let me know,’” Von said. “And I’m like, ‘What? What are you talking about? Extra security? I don’t even know the code to my Ring camera.’ And then what are you going to do? What, are you just going to put police cars in my neighborhood? What are my neighbors going to think? … That really kind of shook me.”Rogan, who hosted Trump for a three-hour episode of his “Joe Rogan Experience” podcast in October and explicitly endorsed Trump days later, was one of the first podcasters to publicly break with the administration.In March, just two months after Trump was sworn in to his second term, Rogan reviewed several news reports about the U.S. deporting asylum-seekers to countries that they were not from, including one case of a gay makeup artist from Venezuela who was sent to a prison in El Salvador.“If you want compassionate people to be on board with you, you can’t deport gay hairdressers seeking asylum — that’s f—–g crazy — and then throw them in an El Salvador prison,” Rogan said.In July, Rogan again called it “f—–g crazy” that the Trump administration had detained Tufts University student Rümeysa Öztürk partially because of an editorial she had written calling on her university’s leadership to divest from companies with ties to Israel.Schulz and Von over the summer also broke with Trump over his administration’s moves to downplay the importance of the Epstein files, as well as over the administration’s continued support for Israel as it conducted its offensive in Gaza.“Obviously the intelligence community is trying to cover it up, obviously the Trump administration is trying to cover up,” Schulz said when talking about the Epstein files with his co-hosts in a July episode of “Flagrant.”“He is rebuking the base, like, almost spitting in their face. They are asking for it. He campaigned on it,” Schulz added.Meanwhile, Von’s May comments calling Israel’s attacks on Gaza a “genocide” garnered millions of views.A few weeks later, Von hosted Vice President JD Vance on his show and told him directly that the videos he was seeing from Gaza were “the sickest thing” and that “where it gets scary is that we give, you know, we’re complicit in it because we help fund, like, military stuff.”“Sometimes it feels like we look out for the interest of Israel before we look out for the interest of America,” Von added.The criticism from hosts hit a fever pitch in September when the president celebrated Disney’s decision to suspend late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel for remarks he made in the wake of Kirk’s assassination.“I definitely don’t think that the government should be involved ever in dictating what a comedian can or cannot say in a monologue. That’s f—–g crazy,” he said.He added that “people on the right” who were celebrating Disney’s decision were “crazy for supporting this, because this will be used on you.”Singh, the co-host of “Flagrant,” also denounced the move, saying that it was “a big attack on free speech” and criticizing conservative activists for celebrating Kimmel’s suspension.“I think we’ve been pretty staunchly in favor of free speech. And it is funny to watch right-wing people just become left-wing people. … If you agree with this, that’s some snowflake s—,” Singh added.Alexandra MarquezAlexandra Marquez is a politics reporter for NBC News.Ben KamisarBen Kamisar is a national political reporter for NBC NewsJonathan AllenJonathan Allen is a senior national politics reporter for NBC News.

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Some of the internet’s most popular voices with young men — almost all of whom either hosted Trump or spoke highly — have some thoughts on what he’s doing wrong.



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Oct. 4, 2025, 6:00 AM EDTBy Jared PerloEarly last week in the Chinese tech hub of Hangzhou, a slick, larger-than-life video screen beamed out four words that would drive tech giant Alibaba’s stock to historic levels and signal a shift in China’s approach to artificial intelligence: “Roadmap to Artificial Superintelligence.”During his 23-minute keynote address at the flagship Alibaba Cloud conference, Alibaba CEO Eddie Wu charted out a future featuring artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial superintelligence (ASI). These terms point to a theorized era in which AI becomes roughly as smart as humans (AGI) and then much, much smarter (ASI).While these terms have been tossed around Silicon Valley for years, Wu’s presentation was notable: Alibaba is now the first established Chinese tech giant to explicitly invoke AGI and ASI.“Achieving AGI — an intelligent system with general human-level cognition — now appears inevitable. Yet AGI is not the end of AI’s development, but its beginning,” Wu said. “It will march toward ASI — intelligence beyond the human, capable of self-iteration and continuous evolution.”“ASI will drive exponential technological leaps, carrying us into an unprecedented age of intelligence,” Wu said, highlighting ASI’s ability to help cure diseases, discover cleaner sources of energy and even unlock interstellar travel.The U.S. and China are the world’s leading AI powers, each with immense computing capabilities and top-tier researchers developing cutting-edge systems. Yet observers have framed the countries as having different approaches to AI, with perceptions that China focuses more on real-world AI applications.For example, commentators recently argued that Beijing is currently “winning the race for AI robots” against the U.S., as China is home to much of the world’s most advanced robotics supply chains and a growing network of robotics, or embodied AI, labs.“There’s been some commentary in Western media recently about how the U.S. is missing the point by pushing for AGI, while China is focusing solely on applications,” said Helen Toner, interim executive director of Georgetown’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology. “This is wrong.”“Some Chinese researchers and some parts of the Chinese government have been interested in AGI and superintelligence for a long time,” Toner said, though she noted this view was primarily held by smaller startups like DeepSeek.China’s push for global AI dominance04:44Afra Wang, a researcher focusing on China’s tech scene, said Alibaba’s invocation of AGI and ASI was remarkable.“This ASI narrative is definitely something new, especially among the biggest tech companies in China,” she told NBC News.Alibaba’s “roadmap to artificial superintelligence” seems to scramble mainstream perceptions. Any number of California techno-optimists, like Anthropic’s Dario Amodei or xAI’s Elon Musk, might have delivered Wu’s speech, selling a technology-enabled utopia while largely sidestepping darker questions about how humanity would co-exist with or survive an era of digital superintelligence.The concept of superintelligence has long been on the minds of — if not explicitly guiding — prominent American AI companies. For example, OpenAI released an article focused on the safe development of superintelligent AI models in May 2023. “Now is a good time to start thinking about the governance of superintelligence — future AI systems dramatically more capable than even AGI,” the statement said.The possibility of superintelligence is now even being acknowledged in Congress. On Monday, Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., and Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Ill., announced a draft bill that would, among other actions, “assist Congress in determining the potential for controlled AI systems to reach artificial superintelligence.”To some, ASI might seem like an outlandish concept when today’s AI systems fail to understand basic tennis rules, hallucinate or fabricate basic information, or do not seem to actually comprehend how the external world functions.At the same time, AI systems continue to approach and sometimes surpass human capabilities in many domains, from driving cars safely to winning international coding competitions, leaving many experts to say it’s a matter of when, not if, humans develop digital superintelligence.As the idea of superintelligence gradually enters mainstream debates, many American politicians have announced that the U.S. is in an AI race with China. The White House’s current AI manifesto is titled “Winning the AI Race: America’s AI Action Plan,” while Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, proclaimed that “as a matter of economic security, as a matter of national security, America has to beat China in the AI race.”Yet charges of an AI race are muddied by a lack of an agreed end goal and swirling definitions of AGI. At worst, experts think an unfettered race toward AGI or ASI could lead to widespread catastrophe or even the end of humanity.But there’s also plenty of skepticism around talk of AGI and ASI and whether it’s primarily for marketing purposes.Alibaba is one of China’s largest tech companies, known for providing powerful, free AI models — also called open-source models — for download. Alibaba’s Qwen model series, a competitor to models like OpenAI’s GPT-5 or Anthropic’s Claude, is the most popular open-source AI system in the world.OpenAI launches Sora 2 wth AI social media app05:48Wu announced a new series of Qwen models in his speech last week, including a model that combines text, images, video and audio capabilities.Many observers point out that narratives about a U.S.-China AI race and a resulting sprint to build AI infrastructure serve AI investors by propping up company valuations and increasing their soft power. Alibaba’s stock has soared since Wu’s speech last week, part of a larger $250 billion comeback this year that has made it China’s hottest AI company.To unlock a powerful, superintelligent future, Wu predicted that large AI models will replace existing operating systems as the link between users, software and computational power. This future network of large AI models will run on cloud computing networks like Alibaba Cloud, he said.Irene Zhang, a researcher on China’s AI ecosystem and an editor of ChinaTalk, noted the business undertones of Wu’s announcement.“This is a vision of AGI and ASI that’s directly based on Alibaba’s business model,” she said.“Alibaba Cloud dominates China’s cloud computing market, and its global market share is now bigger than Oracle’s,” she said. “Alibaba’s commercial strategy and its publicly stated views on ASI/AGI are symbiotic.”Matt Sheehan, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, agreed.“ASI is the ultimate frontier, as far as the discourse goes on AI,” Sheehan said. “It’s notable that Alibaba set this grandiose goal, but in reality, they’re selling cloud services.”Jared PerloJared Perlo is a writer and reporter at NBC News covering AI. He is currently supported by the Tarbell Center for AI Journalism.
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Oct. 5, 2025, 7:00 AM EDTBy Brooke SopelsaThe most commonly banned books in U.S. schools include LGBTQ titles, international bestsellers, teen romantasy novels and a 1962 classic, according to a new report that compares modern-day censorship to Cold War-era McCarthyism.More than 6,800 book bans were enacted during the 2024-25 school year in 87 public school districts across 23 states, according to a report released Wednesday by PEN America, a nonprofit that advocates for free expression. The report was released ahead of Banned Books Week, which starts Sunday.“Censorship pressures have expanded and escalated,” Kasey Meehan, director of PEN America’s Freedom to Read program, said in a news release. “A disturbing ‘everyday banning’ and normalization of censorship has worsened and spread over the last four years.”The organization’s annual “Banned in the USA” report says the current environment of “unfettered book banning is reminiscent of the Red Scare of the 1950s.” It defines a school book ban as “any action taken against a book based on its content and as a result of parent or community challenges, administrative decisions, or in response to direct or threatened action by governmental officials” that leads to the book being removed or restricted.The latest report found that 3,752 unique titles were affected by bans in the school year that ended in June. The most banned titles included “A Clockwork Orange” and “Wicked,” while the most banned authors included Stephen King, Sarah J. Maas and Jodi Picoult. More than 80% of all bans originated in just three states: Florida, Texas and Tennessee.This past school year saw fewer total bans than in 2023-24, at more than 10,000, though the number is far above where it was in 2021-22 (more than 2,500 bans), when PEN America first started to compile an annual report. Since July 2021, PEN America has tracked 22,810 book bans across 45 states.One reason the total number of book bans may have dipped this year is that some titles are being pre-emptively taken off the shelves.“This functions as a form of ‘obeying in advance’ to anticipated restrictions from the state or administrative authorities, rooted in fear or simply a desire to avoid topics that might be deemed controversial,” the report states. Another potential reason, as author Malinda Lo pointed out, is that previously banned titles have not returned to shelves. Lo, whose book “Last Night at the Telegraph Club” was No. 4 on PEN America’s new list, said on Instagram that her 2021 novel made the cut “partly because all of the usual titles like ‘Gender Queer’ have already been banned and removed.”“Once a book is banned, it’s gone,” she wrote on Wednesday. “This is why we have to keep fighting these attacks on our first amendment rights.”“Gender Queer,” a graphic memoir that debuted in 2019, was No. 1 on PEN America’s Most Banned Books List in 2022, though it didn’t even make the top 15 on this year’s list.Books with LGBTQ themes and characters — like “Gender Queer” and “Last Night at the Telegraph Club” — are consistently among the most banned books highlighted in the annual reports of PEN America and the American Library Association, and this year is no different.Here are the 15 most banned books this past school year as tracked by PEN America, ranked in order of those banned by the most public school districts across the country:“A Clockwork Orange” by Anthony Burgess.W. W. Norton & Company‘A Clockwork Orange’ by Anthony BurgessBurgess’ dystopian satire about a sociopathic, Beethoven-obsessed teen gang leader was banned in 23 districts in the 2024-25 school year. The 1962 novel was adapted into an Oscar-nominated film by Stanley Kubrick in 1971 and was named one of Time’s 100 best English-language novels and one of Modern Library’s 100 Best Novels.“Breathless” by Jennifer Niven.Knopf Books for Young Readers‘Breathless’ by Jennifer NivenNiven’s 2020 novel is a coming-of-age love story that was banned in 20 school districts. On her website, the bestselling author describes “Breathless” as “the book I needed when I was sixteen, seventeen, eighteen. A frank take on sex and love, parental divorce, finding yourself, and the importance of writing your story. Of writing your life.”“Sold” by Patricia McCormick.Little, Brown Books for Young Readers‘Sold’ by Patricia McCormickMcCormick’s young-adult novel, about a girl from Nepal who is sold into sexual slavery in India, was banned in 20 school districts in the last school year. This 2006 title was a National Book Award finalist and was on the Publisher’s Weekly Best Books of the Year list and the ALA’s Top Ten Books for Young Adults list.“Last Night at the Telegraph Club” by Malinda Lo.Dutton Books for Young Readers‘Last Night at the Telegraph Club’ by Malinda LoLo’s young-adult historical novel about love and duty in 1950s San Francisco was banned in 19 school districts in the 2024-25 school year. The critically acclaimed 2021 novel won a long list of awards, including a National Book Award, Stonewall Book Award and Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature.“A Court of Mist and Fury” by Sarah J. Maas.Bloomsbury Publishing‘A Court of Mist and Fury’ by Sarah J. MaasThis bestselling adult romantasy novel, which was banned in 18 districts in the 2024-25 school year, is the second book in Maas’ wildly popular “A Court of Thorns and Roses” series. Maas, the only author with more than one title on this top 15 list, also has the distinction of being one of the most banned authors this year, with 162 total bans, behind only Stephen King and “Crank” author Ellen Hopkins.“Crank” by Ellen Hopkins.Margaret K. McElderry Books‘Crank’ by Ellen Hopkins Hopkins’ 2004 young-adult novel was banned in 17 school districts. On her website, the author revealed this bestseller is loosely based on her “older daughter’s story of addiction to crystal meth.” She said “Crank” began as “a personal exploration of the ‘why’s’ behind my daughter’s decisions, and what part I might have played in them.”“Forever…” by Judy Blume.Atheneum Books for Young Readers‘Forever…’ by Judy BlumeBlume’s award-winning 1975 young-adult novel, which was banned in 17 districts in the last school year, has been a target of censorship for 50 years, according to PEN America. Blume said she wrote the book — which was named one of NPR’s 100 Best-Ever Teen Novels and Time’s 100 Best YA Books of All Time — because her daughter “asked for a story about two nice kids who have sex without either of them having to die.”“The Perks of Being a Wallflower” by Stephen Chbosky.MTV Books‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower’ by Stephen ChboskyChbosky’s 2009 coming-of-age novel about an observant “wallflower” navigating the “strange world between adolescence and adulthood” was banned in 17 school districts in the 2024-25 school year. The No. 1 New York Times bestseller — which deals with topics including first dates, family drama, sex, drugs and suicide — was adapted into a 2012 film starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller.“Wicked” by Gregory Maguire.William Morrow Paperbacks‘Wicked’ by Gregory MaguireThis No. 1 New York Times bestseller, which debuted in 1995 and is a reimagined prequel to “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,” was banned in 17 school districts. The story of “Wicked,” however, is perhaps best known due to its adaptation into a Tony-winning Broadway musical and an Oscar-winning musical film starring Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande.“All Boys Aren’t Blue” by George M. Johnson.Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR)‘All Boys Aren’t Blue’ by George M. JohnsonJohnson’s 2020 memoir-manifesto about coming of age as a queer Black man was banned in 16 districts in the last school year, and it also topped the ALA’s list of 10 most challenged library books of 2024. In an interview with NBC News last year, Johnson said the real book censorship danger lies in the “soft-banning”: “We can track the books that are being banned, but we can’t track books that are not being ordered.”“A Court of Thorns and Roses” by Sarah J. Maas.Bloomsbury Publishing‘A Court of Thorns and Roses’ by Sarah J. MaasThe first book in Maas’ internationally bestselling five-book romantasy series was, like the remaining books on this list, banned in 16 school districts. The central character in 2015’s “A Court of Thorns and Roses” is 19-year-old Feyre, a moral huntress who is dragged to a magical land and falls for her immortal captor.“Damsel” by Elana K. Arnold.Clarion Books‘Damsel’ by Elana K. ArnoldThis dark and twisted fairy tale, a 2019 Michael L. Printz Award Honor Book, is, on the surface, about a damsel who is rescued from a dragon by a handsome prince. Prior to “Damsel,” Arnold’s book “What Girls Are Made Of” was a finalist for the 2017 National Book Award in Young People’s Literature.“The DUFF” by Kody Keplinger.Poppy‘The DUFF’ by Kody KeplingerIn Keplinger’s 2010 young-adult novel, 17-year-old Bianca discovers her high school’s “slimy school hottie” has given her an offensive nickname — DUFF, or Designated Ugly Fat Friend — but she still ends up in a “closeted enemies-with-benefits relationship” with him. Keplinger was only 17 herself when she wrote this bestselling book, which was adapted into a 2015 film.“Nineteen Minutes” by Jodi Picoult.Atria Books‘Nineteen Minutes’ by Jodi PicoultThis No. 1 New York Times bestseller is about the aftermath of a school shooting in a small New Hampshire town. Published in 2007, this is one of 29 novels written by Picoult, whose other works include “My Sister’s Keeper,” “Small Great Things” and “The Pact.”“Storm and Fury” by Jennifer L. Armentrout.Canary Street Press‘Storm and Fury’ by Jennifer L. ArmentroutArmentrout’s 2019 romantasy novel is the first book in her three-book “Harbinger” series. “Storm and Fury” is centered on 18-year-old Trinity Marrow, who “may be going blind” but “can see and communicate with ghosts and spirits,” according to Armentrout’s website.Brooke SopelsaBrooke Sopelsa is the editorial director of NBC Out, NBC News’ LGBTQ digital destination. 
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Oct. 2, 2025, 5:00 AM EDTBy Mithil Aggarwal, Jay Ganglani and Peter GuoNEW DELHI — In India, some of the biggest jobs in tech come to you.Graduates of the Indian Institute of Technology (ITT), one of the country’s most prestigious universities, are recruited directly by Indian companies as well as American firms looking to lock down some of the world’s top talent in fields that will dominate the future, such as artificial intelligence and robotics.Many of them also continue their studies in the United States, where India overtook China last year as the biggest source of foreign students. But policy decisions and other moves by the Trump administration, including the recently announced $100,000 fee for the H-1B skilled immigrant work visa, now have those graduates thinking twice about going to America. “About 20 students are graduating from my department, and nearly 10 to 15 have a postdoctoral offer from the U.S.,” said Ajaykumar Udayraj Yadav, a materials science and engineering doctoral candidate working on energy storage systems, who is among the student volunteers at the Office of Career Services at IIT’s New Delhi campus.“But the way they’re seeing the situation develop in the U.S., these students are unwilling to take them up,” he said. Trump administration raises fee for H-1B visas to $100,00000:49While offers to work directly in the U.S. are few and far between, more common is relocation via the H-1B program after working in Indian offices for a few years. Out of the 400,000 H-1B visas approved in the 2024 financial year, 71% of the grantees were born in India, according to the Department of Homeland Security. China was a distant second at less than 12%. Among the top H-1B employers are tech giants such as Amazon, Meta and Google, as well as consulting firms such as Accenture and Deloitte, according to the DHS data. U.S. tech leaders who once held H-1B visas include Satya Nadella, the chairman and chief executive of Microsoft; Sundar Pichai, chief executive of Google and its parent company, Alphabet; and Elon Musk.It was a tried and tested formula that held up for decades, enabling what was the Indian dream.But on Sept. 19, a surprise proclamation from President Donald Trump increased the fee for new H-1B visa applications to $100,000, up from $2,000 to $5,000 per application. The increase, on top of a series of deportations and immigration arrests affecting Indians and other foreign nationals, has stung young science and tech talent in India and spurred other countries to try to scoop them up instead.“Our migration policy works a bit like a German car. It is reliable, it is modern, it is predictable,” Philipp Ackermann, the German ambassador to India, said in a video posted on X four days after Trump’s H-1B announcement. “We do not change our rules fundamentally overnight. Highly skilled Indians are welcome in Germany.” The same day, British Finance Minister Rachel Reeves said the United Kingdom would ease routes to bring high-skilled workers into the country. China, meanwhile, launched its own special visa for foreign tech talent on Wednesday. “China welcomes outstanding talent from all industries and sectors around the globe to come to China, take root in China, and work together to advance human society,” foreign ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun told reporters in Beijing last month.Last month, President Donald Trump signed an executive order introducing a $100,000 fee for H-1B visas. Andrew Harnik / Getty ImagesYadav, the doctoral candidate, said the trend among Indian students is shifting away from the U.S. and toward European countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and Norway, which have high English fluency and a quicker and more reliable path to citizenship.“The dream would be to get a great job in India, but if someone mentions going abroad, I personally keep Europe as a better option compared to the U.S.,” he said, adding that this was also an opportunity for India to find ways to retain its talent.Asian destinations such as South Korea, home to Samsung and other tech giants, have also risen in popularity.Priyanshu Agrawal, a 20-year-old computer science senior at IIT, said he already has a job offer from a South Korean company and has no plans on going to the U.S. “If there are restrictions like these, then people wonder why go to a country that isn’t so welcoming,” he said. “You stop seeing the advantage of going there.”Trump’s proclamation said the H1-B program had been “deliberately exploited” to replace American workers with “lower-paid, lower-skilled labor.” The announcement was another setback to U.S.-India relations, which have sharply deteriorated after Trump slapped damaging tariffs on Indian imports, complained about Apple manufacturing iPhones in India and made overtures to Indian archrival Pakistan. “This will create another pressure point in U.S.-India relations,” said Gil Guerra, an immigration policy analyst at the Niskanen Center, a Washington-based think tank. “One potential consequence of this is another uptick in irregular Indian migration as legal pathways become even harder to pursue.”India’s foreign ministry said the H-1B fee increase, which applies only to new visa applicants, “is likely to have humanitarian consequences by way of the disruption caused for families.”Analysts say it may hurt the U.S. more.“This decision will cause U.S. businesses to offshore and drive innovation and entrepreneurship outside of the United States,” said David Bier, director of immigration studies at the Cato Institute, a Washington-based think tank. “The proclamation shows utter contempt for some of the most productive, innovative, and law-abiding people in American history.” In addition to allowing American companies to hire directly from India, the H-1B program also helps some of the more than 330,000 Indians studying in the U.S. to stay in the country after they graduate.“Universities will suffer and so will countless college towns with the drop of international student demographic,” said Sudhanshu Kaushik, executive director of the North American Association of Indian Students.“I hope a recourse happens,” he added.Mithil Aggarwal reported from New Delhi, and Jay Ganglani and Peter Guo from Hong Kong.Mithil AggarwalMithil Aggarwal is a Hong Kong-based reporter/producer for NBC News.Jay GanglaniJay Ganglani is NBC News’s 2025-26 Asia Desk Fellow. Previously he was an NBC News Asia Desk intern and a Hong Kong-based freelance journalist who has contributed to news publications such as CNN, Fortune and the South China Morning Post.Peter GuoPeter Guo is an associate producer based in Hong Kong.
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