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Savewith a NBCUniversal ProfileCreate your free profile or log in to save this articleOct. 1, 2025, 11:00 AM EDTBy Liz SzaboPeople who learn they have autism after age 6 — the current median age at diagnosis — are often described as having a “milder” form of autism than people diagnosed as toddlers.A new study challenges that assumption.A genetic analysis finds that people with autism spectrum disorder diagnosed in late childhood or adolescence actually have “a different form of autism,” not a less severe one, said Varun Warrier, senior author of a study published Wednesday in Nature.The “genetic profile” of people with late-diagnosis autism actually looks more like depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder than early childhood autism, said Warrier, an autism researcher at the University of Cambridge. The study illustrates that autism is not a single condition with one root cause, but rather an umbrella term for a cluster of conditions with similar — although not identical — features, said Geraldine Dawson, founding director of the Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, who wasn’t involved in the new report. Alycia Halladay, chief science officer at the Autism Science Foundation, who wasn’t involved in the study, said: “This paper reinforces yet again how complex autism is and how much genetics plays a role not just in a diagnosis but in the features of that diagnosis. There is no one cause of autism, despite claims against Tylenol.”Authors of the new study analyzed long-term social, emotional and behavioral information about children in the United Kingdom and Australia, as well as genetic data about more than 45,000 autistic people in Europe and the United States.Different genetic profilesResearchers didn’t focus on a single gene or even a few genes. Instead, they looked at sets of thousands of genetic variants that together influence particular traits. While one genetic profile may lead to difficulties with social interactions during the toddler or preschool years, another set of genes may cause an increase in such problems during late childhood and beyond, Warrier said.The new study suggests that some autistic children “develop differently and may not receive a diagnosis earlier on because their features may not yet have clearly emerged,” Warrier said. “It is important to understand what these features are and ensure that we are assessing autistic people across the lifespan.”Most autism diagnoses are made before age 18, with 22% of diagnoses occurring by age 4, 20% from 5 to 8, 15% from 9 to 12 and 16% from 13 to 17.Adult diagnoses are more common in women. Twenty-five percent of women with autism were diagnosed at age 19 or older last year, compared with 12% of men, according to Epic Research.In the study, adolescents diagnosed with autism had more difficulties managing emotional issues and relationships with peers than other kids. That was the struggle for Adeline Lacroix of Toronto. Lacroix, now 42, who was raised in France, had trouble making friends as a child. She “wondered why in school we learned things that were to me quite easy, such as mathematics, but we didn’t learn how to make friends, which for me was much more difficult,” she said.Lacroix often didn’t understand when other people were being ironic or making a joke. Although she got good grades, “I felt I was very dumb because I didn’t understand a lot of things.”Adeline Lacroix’s life changed when she was diagnosed with autism at age 30.Courtesy Adeline LacroixHer frustration led to depression and thoughts of death. “I didn’t really want to die, but at the same time I was so tired,” she said.Her life changed when she was diagnosed with autism at age 30. Suddenly, she realized why understanding conversations was so hard. She changed careers, abandoning her old job as a schoolteacher to pursue a doctorate in psychology and neuroscience. Lacroix now has a supportive partner and a job she loves at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, where she researches women and girls with autism. “I’m very happy with my life,” she said.Although many young people with autism are still diagnosed relatively late in childhood because of a lack of screening and resources in their communities, increased awareness and wider access to testing have helped lower the age at which children are diagnosed with autism, allowing them to get critical early support. Increased acceptance of neurodiversity is also motivating a growing number of teens and adults to seek out testing for autism, which can involve difficulties in communication and social interactions, as well as restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests. From 2011 to 2022, autism diagnoses among adults 26 to 34 grew by 450%, the largest relative increase among any age group.In the Nature study, the first to link a genetic profile to the timing of autism diagnosis, newly diagnosed adolescents had an increased risk of depression.The increase in depression could stem from both a genetic predisposition and a lack of support faced by young people whose unique learning needs and social challenges go unaddressed for years, Warrier said.“Children who have undiagnosed autism may not receive the support they need,” he said. “They may be bullied, excluded and may be vulnerable socially. It is only when they are struggling that caregivers seek out professional help and they receive an autism diagnosis.”In future research, he said, Warrier hopes to study how a person’s social environment — whether supportive or hostile — affects the risk of depression in later-diagnosed people. Although school and community services often focus on youngsters, Warrier said it’s important to support people with autism of all ages.The emotional toll of trying to blend inSam Brandsen, who grew up in a small town in Iowa where few people were familiar with autism, didn’t get that critical support. In the sixth grade, he was bullied for being different. Kids made fun of him for rocking back and forth, a behavior that he found soothing. Boys shoved him into lockers and tied his shoelaces to his desk to make him fall.By force of will, he managed to sit still at his desk. But the mental and emotional effort he expended took a heavy toll, Brandsen said, causing him to suffer panic attacks between classes.“You know that you’re different, but you don’t really have a framework for understanding what that difference is,” said Sam Brandsen who was diagnosed with autism at 27.Sam BrandsonBrandsen, now 31, said he wasn’t diagnosed with autism until four years ago, after his 18-month-old son was diagnosed with it. Like Lacroix, Brandsen said he felt relieved to better understand himself. Instead of wasting energy to act like everyone else, he said, “I’d rather use that energy to just be a kinder person.”Brandsen said he can understand why people with autism who are diagnosed later in life may have a greater risk of mental distress.“You know that you’re different, but you don’t really have a framework for understanding what that difference is,” said Brandsen, a part-time postdoctoral researcher at the University of Alberta in Canada and a member of the Autism Society’s Council of Autistic Advisors. “You’re trying to make sense of rules that seem to make sense to everyone else, and you don’t know why it’s not clicking for you.”Although Brandsen said he understands why scientists want to study the causes of autism, he said he hopes they will spend more time researching ways to help people with autism lead full, independent lives. His son has a number of disabilities, Brandsen said, but the boy also experiences tremendous joy.“There’s so many ways that he’s changed my life profoundly for the better, even if it’s been kind of a harder path at times,” Brandsen said. “But then he can also take so much joy from just watching a train.”If you or someone you know is in crisis, call or text 988, or go to 988lifeline.org, to reach the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. You can also call the network, previously known as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, at 800-273-8255, or visit SpeakingOfSuicide.com/resources.Liz SzaboLiz Szabo is an independent health and science journalist. Her work has won multiple national awards. One of her investigations led to a new state law in Virginia.

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Oct. 8, 2025, 4:26 PM EDTBy Bracey Harris, Aarne Heikkila and Steve PattersonRENO, Nev. — On the western edge of Nevada, it’s hard not to think about water. The driest state in the country is often hit by droughts, but that hasn’t stopped developers from buying up ranches and farmland to build homes or businesses.Today, Reno, “the Biggest Little City in the World,” is poised to become a new player in the nation’s data center construction boom. At least three data center projects have been approved since 2024, with more in a nearby industrial park. The giant computing facilities are essential to the internet as we know it, providing the digital infrastructure for cloud storage and for emerging artificial intelligence systems. They also require massive amounts of energy to run and often need hundreds of thousands of gallons of water to stay cool. Some community leaders, like Reno Vice Mayor Kathleen Taylor, have celebrated data centers, which can bring jobs and tax revenue. Earlier this year, officials projected a $25 million deficit in the upcoming budget year. But opponents argue that data centers can also bring consequences, if they raise electricity costs or cause water shortages down the road. For more on this story, watch “Hallie Jackson NOW” on NBC News NOW tonight at 5 p.m. ET/4 p.m. CT.It’s part of a wider tension accompanying the infrastructure needed in the global artificial intelligence race. A Bloomberg investigation found that two-thirds of all new data centers are being built in water-stressed regions, like Nevada, where severe drought is a major concern. Community members wary of the data center push have focused their attention on a vote this week that will decide whether developers of a new project on the outskirts of Reno can dramatically scale back its housing to allow more than half of its land to go to industrial uses — including data centers.Originally pitched as a cozy enclave of 5,000 homes with a scenic view, the new proposal would include roughly 12 million square feet for industrial and commercial use (up from 1.2 million square feet in the original proposal) and 1,350 housing units.“I’m not anti-data center,” said Olivia Tanager, director of the Toiyabe Chapter of the Sierra Club, who has spearheaded opposition to the revised proposal. “My organization is not anti-data center. But we are anti-huge amounts of potable water being gobbled up by data centers.”

October 23, 2025

Oct. 22, 2025, 10:11 PM EDTBy Rich Schapiro and Morgan CheskyThe first video “Richard LA” posted to TikTok appeared on Aug. 21, 2024. “Accident at 27th and San Pedro,” he wrote in Spanish under video clips showing two damaged cars and paramedics pushing a man on a gurney into an ambulance. “2 people were taken to the hospital.”“Richard LA” was actually Carlitos Ricardo Parias, 44, a father of two living in southern Los Angeles. His TikTok feed soon filled with similar clips. A fire at a home on 36th and Trinity streets. A car crash on 29th Street and Maple Avenue. His audience grew steadily over the ensuing months. And his clips were consumed even more widely when he began to focus his camera on the Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids roiling Los Angeles. Multiple videos he posted this month got more than 50,000 views. “He has risen to become this very credible, respected and admired citizen journalist,” said Angelina Dumarot, a spokesperson for Los Angeles City Council member Curren Price. “He did it with a lot of love and a lot of passion and in a very courageous way.”But there was something many didn’t know: Parias was an undocumented immigrant himself, according to federal authorities. And on Tuesday, he was targeted by federal agents trying to arrest him in an immigration proceeding, leading to a chaotic confrontation in downtown Los Angeles.”Parias was the subject of an administrative immigration arrest warrant and had avoided capture before,” prosecutors said.After having watched Parias walk out of his home and drive off around 8:45 a.m., agents boxed in his Toyota Camry, federal prosecutors say. The agents left their vehicles and ordered Parias out of his car. But he instead drove forward and backward, striking two of the law enforcement vehicles, according to prosecutors.When an agent tried to break the Camry’s driver’s side window, prosecutors said, Parias drove “more aggressively.” Plumes of smoke began to billow from the vehicles, apparently because of the spinning tires, prosecutors said. With the agents fearing Parias could hit them with his Camry or dislodge it from between their vehicles, one opened fire, prosecutors said. Parias was struck in the elbow, and a deputy marshal was hit in the hand, according to prosecutors. A witness who arrived as the agents were wrestling Parias out of his car said it felt like a “little war zone.”“The man was clearly in a lot of pain,” said the witness, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.Parias, who is charged with assault on a federal officer, was still in the hospital Wednesday, postponing his first court hearing. Immigration attorney Carlos Jurado speaks to the media in front of Dignity Health California Hospital Medical Center in Los Angeles on Sunday.Keith Birmingham / MediaNews Group/Pasadena Star-News via Getty ImagesHis immigration attorney, Carlos Jurado, told NBC News that he tried to speak to his client Tuesday night but was barred from doing so. Jurado said they had a brief conversation by phone Wednesday morning.“He was confused as to his medical condition, as to the severity of his injuries, and he was confused as to what was going on,” Jurado said.A spokesperson for the U.S. attorney’s office in Los Angeles said she wasn’t privy to Parias’ medical condition and doesn’t know when his first appearance will be.An ICE spokesperson didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment. Parias was an unlikely social media star. A native of Puebla, Mexico, he was working in construction before he embarked on a path as a citizen journalist. “His car was full of tools,” said Jose Ugarte, a deputy chief of staff to Price, the City Council member. “He said it was kind of tough these days to find work.”So he turned to recording videos of the goings-on in his neighborhood and posting them to social media. He often went live at crime or accident scenes, calmly narrating the events playing out in front of him.Unlike some citizen journalists, Parias would steer clear of interfering with law enforcement or engaging in confrontations of any kind, according to Ugarte and others familiar with his work. Parias started becoming well-known in the tight-knit, heavily Latino district where he lived. But not all of his good deeds were broadcast on social media. A neighbor said Parias’ once tracked down her husband to alert him that their car window was left down.“He didn’t have to do that,” said the neighbor, who spoke on the condition of anonymity over fears of being targeted by federal agents. “He’s just a very good person,” she added.In August, Price’s office presented Parias with a certificate of recognition in honor of his “unwavering commitment to keeping the South LA community informed, empowered and protected.”Ugarte said Parias shed tears when he was presented with the certificate at a neighborhood park, with his teenage son looking on. News of his shooting and arrest shocked and saddened many who had come to rely on his reports, according to the staffers in Price’s office.“The whole community is shaken up,” Dumarot said. “This feels very targeted, and not for the right reasons.”Ugarte said it wasn’t uncommon for Parias to reach out about incidents in the neighborhood. Their last exchange, Ugarte said, came Sept. 26, when Parias sent him an urgent message.“Jose, there is a fire on 55th and Avalon,” it read. “Please send the fire department as soon as possible.”Ugarte said he called the fire department and was told it was on its way. When he checked TikTok, he saw that Parias had gotten there first and was already recording. Rich Schapiro Rich Schapiro is a reporter with the NBC News national security unit.Morgan CheskyMorgan Chesky is a correspondent for NBC News.

October 22, 2025

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