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Oct. 1, 2025, 6:00 AM EDTBy Denise ChowIf an asteroid is on a collision course with the moon, what should humanity do? Try to nudge the space rock out of the way before it strikes? Obliterate it with a nuclear explosion?Those are the questions explored in a recent paper from more than a dozen researchers, including several NASA scientists. And they’re not purely hypothetical: An asteroid known as 2024 YR4 is estimated to have a 4% chance of hitting the moon in 2032.Such a cosmic collision could produce debris “up to 1,000 times above background levels over just a few days, possibly threatening astronauts and spacecraft” in low-Earth orbit, the researchers wrote in the paper, which was uploaded to the preprint website arXiv on Sept. 15 but has yet to be peer-reviewed.To avoid creating that potentially dangerous debris field, one option is to nuke the asteroid, according to the paper — or trigger what the scientists call a “robust disruption” — before it reaches the moon. Cue the “Armageddon” movie references.But using a nuclear explosion to destroy an asteroid has never been tested, so the plan would come with a slew of major risks.Various key characteristics about asteroid 2024 YR4 aren’t known, including its mass, which would be critical in figuring out how to properly “disrupt” it without creating more problems.“If the explosion is not enough, you’re just going to create a debris field anyway,” said Julie Brisset, interim director of the Florida Space Institute, who wasn’t involved with the paper.Asteroid 2024 YR4 was first detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System station in Chile in December. NASA estimates that it measures up to 220 feet across, large enough to be considered a “city killer” because it could be capable of causing severe damage to a city or region on Earth.Experts initially thought there was a small chance the asteroid could hit our planet, and the probability of such an impact was estimated to be as high as 3% earlier this year. But a collision with Earth was later ruled out.With Earth now thought to be in the clear, asteroid 2024 YR4 has an estimated 4.3% chance of smacking into the moon.The authors of the recent paper suggested launching a mission to conduct reconnaissance of the asteroid, including estimating its mass from up close. After that, they proposed, an explosive device could be built, then deployed to the space rock.Alternatively, if destroying the asteroid with a nuclear explosion is too extreme, the researchers detailed how it could be nudged out of the way.NASA has some experience with that: In a first-of-its-kind test in 2022, its DART probe intentionally crashed into a small space rock known as Dimorphos to alter its trajectory. The maneuver was carried out 6.8 million miles from Earth and changed Dimorphos’ path in space, shortening its orbit by 33 minutes, according to NASA.But a successful deflection would also require knowing the mass of asteroid 2024 YR4, Brisset said.In response to an NBC News inquiry to NASA about the recent paper, Kelly Fast, the agency’s acting planetary defense officer, said in a statement that there are no plans to deflect or otherwise interfere with the asteroid.However, she said there are plans to study it early next year using the James Webb Space Telescope. Any findings could provide better insight into its orbital path.“If observed, the additional data could improve our knowledge of where the asteroid will be in December 2032,” Fast said, “and could drop the impact probability to 0%.”Even if space missions like those described in the paper could be carried out, there would be political considerations to navigate.Although no astronauts or long-term habitats are on the moon, that might not always be the case. China, for instance, has said it aims to land its astronauts on the moon by 2030. Chinese officials have also said the country may build a nuclear plant on the lunar surface to power a moon base that it plans to jointly operate with Russia. The United States plans to launch regular missions to the lunar surface before NASA eventually ventures to Mars. But NASA’s future missions and priorities remain in flux amid significant personnel cuts and President Donald Trump’s budget blueprint for NASA, which proposes slashing more than $6 billion from its budget.Detonating a nuclear device in space could also add tension to the burgeoning space race among the United States, China and other spacefaring countries, with potential conflicts over which countries and space agencies would lead or participate in the project, Brisset said.“It would probably be countries that have the technical capability to do it,” she said, “which maybe narrows it down to three or four, but would they want to work together?”Denise ChowDenise Chow is a science and space reporter for NBC News.
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October 5, 2025
Savewith a NBCUniversal ProfileCreate your free profile or log in to save this articleOct. 5, 2025, 5:00 AM EDTBy Andrew GreifA month into the NFL season, one team — Team A, let’s call it — has yet to gain more yards than any of its opponents. Team A’s passing offense is ghastly. Last week, its rarely thrown-to star receiver posted a cryptic message on Twitter after the team failed to complete a single pass after halftime. Another MVP-level offensive weapon isn’t producing as expected, either. And statistically speaking, its defense ranks around average.Those might sound like the hallmarks of a team going nowhere. But Team A isn’t the 0-4 Jets, Titans or Saints, or the stunningly 1-3 Ravens, either. It’s the Philadelphia Eagles, who have followed a Super Bowl title last season with a 4-0 start to the new season. They join Buffalo as the lone undefeated teams remaining entering Week 5. These are the same Eagles who have won 20 of their last 21 games and whose 12-game home winning streak is the second-longest in franchise history, since nearly World War II. By record, the Eagles are unblemished. Yet that doesn’t mean it has come without drama.Much of it has been sparked by whether they have a dynamic enough offense to repeat as champions. When quarterback Jalen Hurts went 0-for-8 after halftime last week against previously unbeaten Tampa Bay, star receiver A.J. Brown posted on X a Scripture passage: “If you’re not welcomed, not listened to, quietly withdraw. Don’t make a scene. Shrug your shoulders and be on your way.”Did Brown intimate he wanted to be on his way out of town, after averaging just 3.5 catches per game? Nick Sirianni, the team’s head coach, said he didn’t doubt Brown’s willingness to be an Eagle and be a “good teammate.” “He wants to contribute into these wins, and he’s had a couple games where he hasn’t been able to, for different reasons of why we haven’t in these games,” Sirianni said.Brown later deleted the post and said it was not directly at anyone specific.“We have a lot of talent on offense and, to be honest, defense and special teams, have been low-key carrying us,” Brown said Wednesday, according to the Philadelphia Inquirer.“We need to clean up what we need to clean up and get on the same page and play to the ability that we say we can, and be who we are called to be. It’s a standard that we preach. So it’s easy to have that frustration. I think it’s fair to have that frustration. But I just can’t let that boil over.”Yet the fact remains that no offense has gained fewer first downs via passes than the Eagles, who have also completed the league’s third-fewest passes. They are averaging 6.0 yards per pass attempt, which is nearly two yards behind last season’s average. A passing game that brought back most of the players who helped produce 12 explosive plays of 40-plus yards last season, tied for second-most, has generated just one in four games. The offense is run by a first-year coordinator, after his predecessor, Kellen Moore, parlayed last season’s Super Bowl run into a head-coaching job in New Orleans. But Brown’s post also rekindled speculation about the strength of the working relationship between Brown and quarterback Jalen Hurts — a topic of debate for two years in Philadelphia.“It’s good,” Hurts told reporters this week.“I’m not gonna analyze or speculate” about Brown’s post,” Hurts said. “He’s always willing to contribute, and that remains.”The kinks in the passing offense wouldn’t be as worrisome if the Eagles’ vaunted running game wasn’t also enduring its own. The combination has led to Jekyll-and-Hyde performances where the offense has sometimes looked explosive, and sometimes produced kaput.“We got to be more consistent,” Sirianni said this week.While turning the “Tush Push” quarterback sneak into a nearly unstoppable (and nearly banned) weapon in short-yardage situations, and blocking for running back Saquon Barkley as he became only the ninth 2,000-yard rusher in NFL history last season, the Eagles’ offensive line earned a reputation as the NFL’s very best. This season, however, three players are coming off either offseason surgery or playing through injury, while a fourth is in his first season as starter.Last season, that line created so much room for Barkley to run that he gained an average of 3.8 yards before being hit, the highest of any running back, according to Pro Football Reference. This season, that average has dropped to 1.7 yards before contact, and Barkley has had defenders in his face much quicker. Through four games, Barkley has gained half as many yards per carry than at the same point last season. And Barkley, last season’s offensive player of the year, has yet to gain more than 100 yards from scrimmage in a single game. “When the running game is going bad, I’ve got to own it,” Barkley said after last week’s win in Tampa. “The beauty of it is we’re not running the ball too great and we’re 4-0.”What else we’re watching for in Week 5:Minnesota (2-2) vs. Cleveland (1-3): The league’s third international game this season, in London, is the backdrop for Browns quarterback Dillon Gabriel’s first career start after replacing Joe Flacco. The last Browns quarterback to win in his first start was Eric Zeier in 1995.Denver (2-2) at Philadelphia (4-0): The Broncos have lost five consecutive road games dating to last season but lead the league with 15 sacks. Las Vegas (1-3) at Indianapolis (3-1): The Colts could become the first team since 1945 to go three consecutive home games without a punt. The Raiders, meanwhile, have lost seven straight games against winning teams.Houston (1-3) at Baltimore (1-3): Division winners from last season who harbored similar playoff aspirations this year find themselves in a world of trouble. The Texans are coming off only their third shutout in franchise history. Baltimore’s Derrick Henry is one rushing touchdown from tying Walter Payton (110) for the fifth-most in NFL history.Giants (1-3) at New Orleans (0-4): After a win in his first career start, Giants quarterback Jaxson Dart will try to end his team’s seven-game losing streak on the road. His Saints counterpart, Spencer Rattler, is 0-10 for his career.Dallas (1-2-1) at Jets (0-4): The good: The Cowboys lead the NFL with 404.3 yards per game. The bad: Their defense has allowed even more, ranking dead last. The Jets have yet to force a turnover — the only team yet to do so.Miami (1-3) at Carolina (1-3): The Panthers recommitted to Bryce Young as the starter. All three of their losses have been on the road. Miami is 21-8 against teams with losing records under coach Mike McDaniel.Tampa Bay (3-1) at Seattle (3-1): Can Seattle end its struggles at home? Since 2022, the Buccaneers have lost six straight games when playing without receiver Mike Evans, who will miss this game with a hamstring injury.Tennessee (0-4) at Arizona (2-2): The Titans are trying to avoid their first 0-5 start since 2009, while the Cardinals have lost two straight.Washington (2-2) at Chargers (3-1): Chargers running back Omarion Hampton leads all rookies with 380 yards from scrimmage this season; that includes 110 through the air. The Commanders are 0-2 on the road.Detroit (3-1) at Cincinnati (2-2): While obvious the Bengals would struggle without quarterback Joe Burrow, they’ve also become the first team since the 2009 Raiders to fail to gain more than 200 yards in three of their first four games.New England (2-2) at Buffalo (4-0): Josh Allen has 34 touchdowns and two turnovers in his last 13 games. If the Bills win, they’ll be 5-0 for the first time since 1991. Kansas City (2-2) at Jacksonville (3-1) on Monday: Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes threw for more touchdowns (four) last week than he had in his first three games combined. The Jaguars have forced a league-best 13 turnovers.Andrew GreifAndrew Greif is a sports reporter for NBC News Digital. 
September 27, 2025
Sept. 27, 2025, 5:30 AM EDTBy Berkeley Lovelace Jr.For people who rely on certain prescription drugs, including weight loss, asthma and cancer medications, President Donald Trump’s post announcing 100% tariffs on foreign brand-name drugs offers little clarity on when — or if — medications might see price hikes. “Starting October 1st, 2025, we will be imposing a 100% Tariff on any branded or patented Pharmaceutical Product, unless a Company IS BUILDING their Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plant in America,” Trump said on Truth Social late Thursday. “‘IS BUILDING’ will be defined as, ‘breaking ground’ and/or ‘under construction.’ There will, therefore, be no Tariff on these Pharmaceutical Products if construction has started.”Experts say Trump’s post raises a lot of questions. Here are five major ones. What drugs will be impacted?Trump’s post doesn’t specify whether brand-name drugmakers with an existing U.S. plant would be exempt, whether that exemption would include all their products, or whether it would only be for the drugs manufactured at the U.S. site. Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, makers of the weight loss drugs Wegovy and Zepound, respectively, have announced plans to invest in U.S. manufacturing. But it’s unclear if their intent to invest will warrant an exemption. On Tuesday, Lilly announced plans for a $6.5 billion manufacturing facility in Houston that will produce Zepbound and its other GLP-1 drug, Mounjaro, following a recent commitment to build a $5 billion plant near Richmond, Virginia. Novo Nordisk, a Danish company, said in June it would spend $4.1 billion to construct a second GLP-1 fill-finish plant in Clayton, North Carolina.AstraZeneca, which makes the asthma drug Symbicort, also announced in July that it will invest $50 billion over the next five years to expand its research and development and manufacturing footprint in the U.S. Many other popular brand-name drugs, however, are primarily manufactured overseas, particularly in Europe, said Rena Conti, an associate professor at Boston University’s Questrom School of Business.Botox, made by Allergen, and the cancer drug Keytruda from drugmaker Merck are made in Ireland. (Keytruda’s manufacturing has increasingly moved to the United States in recent years, but it’s not clear if that would earn an exemption from Trump’s tariffs.)Others, including some for blood and lung cancers, as well as vaccines, are made in places like India and China, Conti said. “I think what’s most at risk here are branded products that come from China and India,” she said. The E.U. and Japan already have trade agreements in place that cover pharmaceuticals, she added, and it’s unclear whether the new tariff will supersede that. Will patients see prices increase?Only 1 in 10 of the prescriptions filled in the U.S. are for brand-name drugs; the vast majority are for generics, which are much cheaper and will not be affected by these tariffs. Whether patients see price increases will depend on how many drugmakers receive exemptions — and on whether companies choose to pass those costs on to patients at the pharmacy counter, said Dr. Aaron Kesselheim, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. ​​“Ultimately, tariffs are taxes on patients,” Kesselheim said, “and to the extent that drug companies see increases in cost due to tariffs, they will pass those costs on to patients.”Some companies may decide not to pass the costs along. So far, the 15% tariffs on imports from the E.U. haven’t translated into big price hikes for U.S. patients, Conti noted. To be sure, a 100% tariff would be far more costly for a company. Price hikes may not start right away, as drugmakers find out whether they qualify for an exemption. There also might be a lag since U.S. law prevents drugmakers from increasing the price of drugs faster than inflation.“What if you’re doing updates to the plant you currently have? What if you’re planning a facility? Do those count?” Kesselheim said. “It’s all very ambiguous.”Some patients may not notice additional price hikes at all, given how costly brand-name drugs already are in the U.S., said Arthur Caplan, the head of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. “I can certainly predict that some patients will immediately feel price increases that will shock them on some of these drugs,” Caplan said.Could insurers absorb the costs?Insurers and middlemen, known as pharmacy benefit managers, could try to negotiate drugmakers or absorb some of the tariff-related costs, Caplan said.It’s more likely, however, that they’d pass it on to patients in the short term, potentially in the form of a larger copay, he said.It’s not only patients with private insurance that should be worried about price hikes, Kesselheim said. Those who get their drugs covered through government health programs could also see price increases.“The government is the largest purchaser of prescription drugs in the market, through Medicare, Medicaid and the VA, so it’s really the government or government payers that are going to see the largest impact on price increases,” he said. Will tariffs spur more U.S. drug manufacturing?It’s unlikely, Kesselheim said. The decision to build a plant “is a complicated and expensive one” that requires several regulatory hurdles and years of planning.Conti noted that by the time new manufacturing plants are completed, Trump would likely be out of office.“It is somewhere between two years and five years to get new production facilities built,” she said, “and it can be in the millions of dollars depending on whether the product that you’re making is a small molecule drug or a biologic.”Even putting money back into an existing plant isn’t quick.“If you want to switch a line or retool a factory to make a product, then we’re talking about somewhere between 18 to 36 months to do that,” Conti said, “because you have to show the U.S. regulator that you can make it at this factory at scale, and the product is what it says it is, or is high quality and meets the quality standards of the U.S.”In a statement, Alex Schriver, a spokesperson for the trade group the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, said “most innovative medicines prescribed in America are already made in America” and companies continue to invest in the U.S.“Tariffs risk those plans because every dollar spent on tariffs is a dollar that cannot be invested in American manufacturing or the development of future treatments and cures,” Schriver said. “Medicines have historically been exempt from tariffs because they raise costs and could lead to shortages.”What about shortages?If Trump keeps his focus solely on brand-name drugs, U.S. patients are unlikely to face shortages, Kesselheim said.“Their profits are just so, so far beyond this tariff cost that they could probably be OK or raise the prices of the drugs,” he said. “They would probably not stop production as a result.”But that excludes, he added, some smaller companies who may make niche brand-name products and may not have the resources to take on the extra costs. If tariffs extend to generics, the risk is far greater, Caplan added. Unlike brand-name drugs, generic drugs are typically sold at close to the cost they’re made, he said, which makes it difficult for companies to justify the cost of building a new facility. They’d likely be forced to walk away from production or close their plants altogether.Berkeley Lovelace Jr.Berkeley Lovelace Jr. is a health and medical reporter for NBC News. He covers the Food and Drug Administration, with a special focus on Covid vaccines, prescription drug pricing and health care. He previously covered the biotech and pharmaceutical industry with CNBC.
October 10, 2025
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