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This South Korean city says it’s devastated by tariffs

admin - Latest News - October 29, 2025
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NBC News’ Gabe Gutierrez visited the South Korean port city of Pohang, home to one of the largest steel companies in the world, to talk to the city’s mayor about how President Trump’s tariffs on steel imports are impacting the industry.



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Nov. 2, 2025, 6:27 AM ESTBy Andrew GreifThe Kansas City Chiefs’ hold over half the NFL appeared broken when the season opened in September — and no team was better positioned to take advantage than Buffalo.Since 2020, the Bills, along with another Kansas City challenger, the Baltimore Ravens, perennially found themselves under Kansas City’s thumb. They were a combined 0-5 in the postseason against the Chiefs as that team went on to win five of the last six AFC championships.Patrick Mahomes of the Kansas City Chiefs in Kansas City in September.Jamie Squire / Getty ImagesThe Chiefs stumbled to 0-2, however, and Baltimore swooned to a 1-5 start. Buffalo, meanwhile, started 4-0, with quarterback Josh Allen picking up right where his MVP season left off last year.Yet as the season hits its midway point, Buffalo’s window to claim the AFC and advance to its first Super Bowl in 32 seasons no longer appears as wide open as it did a month ago. Because as soon as the Bills’ fortunes changed, so did those of its rivals.On Oct. 5, their 14-game home winning streak was snapped even though they were more than a touchdown favorite to beat New England. Eight days later, still as a betting favorite, Buffalo lost again, 24-14, at Atlanta — only its second loss by double digits in a year. And its 4-0 start began to look less impressive after its first four opponents started a combined 3-21.Following a bye, Buffalo routed Carolina last week, scoring 40 points for the second time this season. Yet if the Bills felt they were back on track, the worrisome news was that several other rivals were as well.Buffalo doesn’t even lead its own division. That lead belongs to New England (6-2), which has become one of the NFL’s most surprising teams in coach Mike Vrabel’s first season. Second-year quarterback Drake Maye, only 23, has joined Aaron Rodgers, Tom Brady, Peyton Manning and Patrick Mahomes as the only quarterbacks ever to pass for 200-plus yards with a passer rating of 100 or better in seven consecutive games. It’s partly why the Patriots are a league-best 4-0 on the road and have won five straight games.Daniel Jones of the Indianapolis Colts at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis on Sept. 14.Michael Hickey / Getty ImagesIn the AFC South, a team few expected to make noise as a playoff contender, Indianapolis, is off to its best start since 2009. The Colts own the league’s best record (7-1) and point differential (outscoring opponents by 116 points) behind a pair of MVP candidates in quarterback Daniel Jones and running back Jonathan Taylor, whose production this season has invited comparisons to Hall of Famer LaDainian Tomlinson.Though just 3-5, Baltimore still has a chance to come back from the dead. With quarterback Lamar Jackson scoring four touchdowns Thursday in his return after missing three games to an injured hamstring, and the bulk of their division games still yet to be played, the Ravens could very well win the AFC North and earn a playoff berth. And their remaining schedule is rated the league’s fourth-easiest, according to their opponents’ combined winning percentage (and New England owns the easiest).And then there is Kansas City, the longtime Buffalo nemesis that the Bills host Sunday in the most anticipated game of Week 9. At 5-3, the Chiefs currently stand only third in the AFC West, but bettors have given them the best odds to win the Super Bowl after they have looked like their old selves while winning five of their last six games, including three in a row by at least 13 points. Since throwing three touchdown passes in his first three games during a 1-2 start, Patrick Mahomes has 14 touchdown passes in five games since.History suggests that even if Buffalo wins, there is no guarantee it will be able to replicate that success in the postseason. Since 2020, the Bills are 4-1 against Kansas City in the regular season but 0-4 in the playoffs.Ahead of the critical matchup, a collection of officials from Buffalo’s Catholic diocese happened to visit Pope Leo XIV this week, and presented the American pope a Bills jersey. The Bills still have a game-breaking quarterback in Allen, and one of the league’s best backs in James Cook. But during a season where the AFC landscape has shifted under their feet, a prayer couldn’t exactly hurt.What else we’re watching in Week 9Bears (4-3) at Bengals (3-5): Chicago’s defense has forced 16 takeaways and 11 interceptions, both top in the league.Vikings (3-4) at Lions (5-2): Detroit has won five straight games against Minnesota. Vikings quarterback J.J. McCarthy is preparing to make his third career start after returning from an ankle injury and because the backup who had taken over for him, Carson Wentz, is out for the year.Panthers (4-4) at Packers (5-1-1): Carolina can match its win total from all of last season with a victory.Chargers (5-3) at Titans (1-7): No quarterback has been hit (70) or pressured (141) more often than the Chargers’ Justin Herbert, but no quarterback has been sacked (34) more than the Titans’ Cam Ward.Falcons (3-4) at Patriots (6-2): Atlanta star Bijan Robinson is coming off a season-low 12 touches and 48 yards from scrimmage last week.49ers (5-3) at Giants (2-6): San Francisco’s 20.0 points-per-game average is the lowest of any team with a winning record.Colts (7-1) at Steelers (4-3): Mismatch alert? Pittsburgh’s 30th-ranked defense faces the NFL’s No. 1 offense. If the Colts win, it would be only their third of the season against an opponent with a winning record.Broncos (6-2) at Texans (3-4): Both defenses rank in the NFL’s top five in both yards and points allowed. Houston has rebounded from an 0-3 start to win three of its last four games.Jaguars (4-3) at Raiders (2-5): The Raiders have lost five of their last six, while the Jaguars have lost two straight. Las Vegas quarterback Geno Smith (10 interceptions) will have a familar receiver to throw to in former Seahawks teammate Tyler Lockett, who was signed this week.Saints (1-7) at Rams (5-2): Quarterback Tyler Shough makes his first NFL start for New Orleans. Shough, 26, was still a toddler when New Orleans last started a season this poorly, in 1999.Chiefs (5-3) at Bills (5-2): Buffalo won’t have key defensive lineman Ed Oliver, who was placed on injured reserve this week after a bicep injury.Seahawks (5-2) at Commanders (3-5): On “Sunday Night Football,” Washington tries to end its three-game losing streak by stopping Jaxon Smith-Njigba, who is on pace for an NFL-record 1,989 receiving yards.Cardinals (2-5) at Cowboys (3-4-1): Is Dak Prescott a dark-horse MVP candidate? The Cowboys are second in the NFL by averaging 30.8 points and 384.1 yards.Andrew GreifAndrew Greif is a sports reporter for NBC News Digital. 
November 27, 2025
Nov. 27, 2025, 6:00 AM ESTBy Akshay Syal, M.D.For decades, doctors have been puzzled by why women develop Alzheimer’s disease at nearly twice the rate of men. There are an estimated 7 million people in the U.S. living with Alzheimer’s, with that number expected to reach nearly 13 million by 2050. A majority of cases, or about 2 out of every 3, are in women. An emerging body of research is suggesting that estrogen, the predominant female sex hormone, may play a critical role, specifically in the perimenopausal transition to menopause, when the body’s hormone levels naturally begin to decline. Estrogen is thought to perform a variety of functions in the body, such as improving cardiovascular health and maintaining bone density. Estrogen is very important to the brain and is considered neuroprotective, helping shield brain cells from inflammation, stress and other forms of cellular damage. Alzheimer’s researchers are focused on the early period of perimenopause, which typically occurs in a woman’s early- to mid-40s, as a target for hormone replacement therapy to maintain estrogen levels and possibly protect some women against developing dementia decades later. “This interest comes primarily from decades of pre-clinical research, animal models, and basic science research showing that menopause is a tipping point for Alzheimer’s pathology,” said Lisa Mosconi, director of the Alzheimer’s Prevention Program at Weill Cornell Medicine. Mosconi is leading a new $50 million global women’s health research initiative called CARE, or Cutting women’s Alzheimer’s risk through endocrinology. Looking at biomarkers from nearly 100 million women, it’s expected to be the largest analysis of why women are at greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The link between estrogen and dementia has gained renewed focus after the Food and Drug Administration recently lifted the decades-old black-box warning on hormone replacement therapy, a move that may lead to many more women in their 40s and 50s being prescribed treatment. Doctors say loosened restrictions could reduce stigma around hormone therapy. The FDA’s move could also pave the way for broader research into whether hormone replacement therapy might offer additional benefits, including protection against dementia. Declining reproductive hormonesMenopause occurs when the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone, hormones that help regulate the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are sex hormones that are present in females and to a lesser extent in males that play an important role in sexual and reproductive development. Most women reach menopause between the ages of 45 and 55, said Dr. Monica Christmas, a gynecologist and director of the menopause program at UChicago Medicine. The transition can begin years earlier during perimenopause, which usually starts when women are in their mid-40s. That’s when symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes and sleep disturbances often appear. It’s thought that menopause symptoms are caused by decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. For example, when estrogen levels drop, the body’s internal thermostat, controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, begins to not work properly. The brain might interpret the body as too hot and tell it to start sweating to cool off, leading to symptoms of hot flashes. Hormone therapy can replenish those levels and help the body regulate its temperature. What role does estrogen play?Receptors for this sex hormone are found throughout our brains, said Rachel Buckley, an associate professor of neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital whose research focuses on sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease. “Estrogen is actually a really powerful hormone,” she said. “It’s found in the hippocampus which is an area [in the brain] that we know is very closely associated with memory and learning.” Estrogen also helps to build and maintain healthy blood flow in the brain, she added, and can even help the brain use energy more efficiently. During menopause, however, the levels of estrogen begin to decline, potentially leaving the brain more vulnerable to damage. “Once the brain loses the protective effects of estrogen and other sex hormones, it’s a turning point for Alzheimer’s pathology accumulation in the brain,” said Mosconi. Can hormone replacement therapy fight dementia?Hormone replacement therapy is available in many forms, including a wearable patch, cream and pills, and can include either estrogen, progesterone, or both. If estrogen helps protect our brain, it would make sense that replacing levels through hormone therapy might confer some sort of benefit. It turns out, however, the answer is much more complicated than that, experts say, as the research behind hormone replacement therapy is mixed and ongoing.However, data suggests that the perimenopause transition might represent a critical window of opportunity where treatment could help some patients ward off dementia, said Dr. Kellyann Niotis, a preventive neurologist in Florida and faculty member at Weill Cornell Medicine. “One leading belief is that during this perimenopausal window hormones are fluctuating rapidly and you can have steep declines in [estrogen] which can be harmful for the brain,” said Niotis.“The idea is that using hormones at a steady state or consistent level kind of helps even out those fluctuations.” A large analysis from Mosconi and her team in 2023 published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience found that there may be a sweet spot for initiation of HRT for helping women fight cognitive decline.Her team analyzed over 50 studies and found that people using estrogen therapy in midlife, or within 10 years of their final menstrual period, had a significantly lower risk of dementia. Conversely, when combination hormone therapy was initiated after 65, there was an increased risk of dementia. Another large-scale analysis of 50 studies presented this fall at the American Neurological Association annual meeting found that the risk of Alzheimer’s was up to 32% lower among women who started HRT within five years of menopause than in those who received a placebo or no treatment. The paper is not yet peer-reviewed or published in a journal. The research, which was done by scientists based in India, also found that among women who waited until they were 65 or older to start therapy, there was a 38% increase in Alzheimer’s risk. However, many of the studies performed to date have been observational, said Christmas, and do not directly prove a cause and effect relationship. More rigorous research including large scale trials are needed, she added. Hormone therapy that is prescribed may also not behave exactly like estrogen that is produced naturally by the body, she added, and also requires further study.Why timing of hormone therapy mattersThe theory of a critical window to initiate hormone replacement therapy may be related to estrogen receptors in the brain, said Mosconi. During the transition to menopause, there becomes a progressively higher density of estrogen receptors on brain cells, her research has found. This is because, as estrogen levels naturally decline, the brain increases the amount of available receptors as a compensatory mechanism to try and grab every little bit of estrogen that’s still available to be used up, she said. But at some point, when estrogen is permanently low, the brain ultimately stops trying and gives up, and the estrogen receptors disappear, she added. “That is the end of the window of opportunity because once the estrogen receptors are gone, there’s no point putting estrogen back in the system because it has nothing to bind to,” said Mosconi.Some outstanding questions remain, including how long women would need to stay on hormone replacement therapy or whether estrogen would be more protective for women with a genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s. It’s also unclear if the brain responds differently to estrogen the body makes compared to hormone replacement. Men, on the other hand, have biologically different brains than women, said Buckley, as they have significantly less estrogen receptors and thus have a lower requirement of the hormone. It’s also unclear if testosterone replacement therapy for men confer any potential benefit for Alzheimer’s prevention, said Niotis. While some studies have suggested an association between men with lower testosterone and dementia, much more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be made. Experts say it’s still too early to recommend hormone replacement therapy to prevent Alzheimer’s disease.“We do not use hormone therapy for Alzheimer’s prevention right now,” said Mosconi. “Clinical guidelines currently do not endorse using hormone therapy only for Alzheimer’s prevention.” Instead, HRT should be prescribed primarily to treat moderate to severe menopausal symptoms that can affect quality of life, such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances or mood changes. Niotis said relieving these symptoms may help improve cognition, as people who sleep better have improved mood and tend to think more clearly. Still, she is optimistic that future research may bring more definitive answers. “The hope is that with the removal of this black-box warning that we’ll have more women that are starting therapies and are less afraid of using them, and more doctors that are less afraid of prescribing them,” said Niotis. Akshay Syal, M.D.Dr. Akshay Syal is a board-certified internal medicine physician at UCLA Health and instructor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He also is a member of the NBC News Health Unit, reporting for both NBC News Digital and on air for NBC News NOW and MSNBC.  
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